College Students and the Media :: Research Essays

College Students and the Media With my initial research, I sought to find out whether or not college students were informed of the news in the community and world. My results were inconclusive, and through a case study (below) I shifted topics to the attitudes of college students towards the news-media. Through a case study, interviews, and surveys I found that college students have mixed views towards the news-media. The news-media influences how many people think on a certain topic. If news-media reports and accounts are biased, people may be manipulated to believe things that are not true or factual. People, from superstars to the president, can be portrayed as good, evil, selfish, crazy, intelligent, etc. The news-media can use propaganda to illicit these feelings of like or dislike. The responsibility of the news-media is huge. Some blame school violence and shootings on the media. Others criticize the news-media for copy-cat crimes or crimes purposely committed for the attention of the news. But on the other hand, we trust the news-media will keep us accurately informed of events in the world and community. On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, we all sat with teary eyes glued to the television set, watching the news; did we trust what we heard? Case Study The purpose of this case study was to see what a college student is more interested in. I sat down with a college student, Grace, and presented her with two sources of news and information. The two selections were The Indiana Gazette and Star magazine. By doing this case study, I hoped to learn whether this student was more interested in community and world news or gossip in tabloids. I instructed Grace to read through them as she pleased, taking as much time as she wanted. While she was reading I asked her questions about why she chose an article, or why she thought it was interesting. She read the newspaper for an hour and five minutes.

Survival Models And Mortality Data Health And Social Care Essay

In the old chapter 2, we discussed approximately aggregative claims and how it can be modelled and simulated utilizing R scheduling. In this chapter we shall discourse on one of the of import factors which has direct impact on arise of a claim, the human mortality. Life insurance companies use this factor to pattern hazard originating out of claims. We shall analyze and look into the petroleum informations presented in human mortality database for specific states like Scotland and Sweden and utilize statistical techniques. Mortality smooth bundle is used in smoothing the informations based on Bayesian information standard BIC, a technique used to find smoothing parameter ; we shall besides plot the information. Finally we shall reason by executing comparing of mortality of two states based on clip.3.1 IntroductionMortality informations in simple footings is entering of deceases of species defined in a specific set. This aggregation of informations could change based on different vari ables or sets such as sex, age, old ages, geographical location and existences. In this subdivision we shall utilize human informations grouped based on population of states, sex, ages and old ages. Human mortality in urban states has improved significantly over the past few centuries. This has attributed mostly due to improved criterion of life and national wellness services to the populace, but in latter decennaries there has been enormous betterment in wellness attention in recent steps which has made strong demographic and actuarial deductions. Here we use human mortality informations and analyse mortality tendency compute life tabular arraies and monetary value different rente merchandises.3.2 Beginnings of DatasHuman mortality database ( HMD ) is used to pull out informations related to deceases and exposure. These informations are collected from national statistical offices. In this thesis we shall look into two states Sweden and Scotland informations for specific ages and ol d ages. The information for specific states Sweden and Scotland are downloaded. The deceases and exposure informations is downloaded from HMD under Sverige Scotland They are downloaded and saved as â€Å" .txt † informations files in the several difficult disc under â€Å" /Data/Conutryname_deaths.txt † and â€Å" /Data/Conutryname_exposures.txt † severally. In general the information handiness and formats vary over states and clip. The female and male decease and exposure informations are shared from natural informations. The â€Å" entire † column in the information beginning is calculated utilizing leaden norm based on the comparative size of the two groups male and female at a given clip.3.3 Gompertz jurisprudence graduationA well-known statistician, Benjamin Gompertz observed that over a long period of human life clip, the force of mortality additions geometrically with age. This was modelled for individual twelvemonth of life. The Gompertz theoretical account is additive on the log graduated table. The Gompertz jurisprudence states that â€Å" the mortality rate additions in a geometric patterned advance † . Therefore when decease rates are A & gt ; 0 B & gt ; 1 And the line drive theoretical account is fitted by taking log both sides. = a + bx Where a = and B = The corresponding quadratic theoretical account is given as follows3.3.1 Generalized Linear theoretical accounts are P-Splines in smoothing informationsGeneralized Linear Models ( GLM ) are an extension of the additive theoretical accounts that allows theoretical accounts to be fit to data that follow chance distributions like Poisson, Binomial, and etc. If is the figure of deceases at age ten and is cardinal exposed to put on the line so By maximal likelihood estimation we have and by GLM, follows Poisson distribution denoted by with a + bx We shall utilize P-splines techniques in smoothing the information. As mentioned above the GLM with figure of deceases follows Poisson distribution, we fit a quadratic arrested development utilizing exposure as the beginning parametric quantity. The splines are piecewise multinomials normally cubic and they are joined utilizing the belongings of 2nd derived functions being equal at those points, these articulations are defined as knots to suit informations. It uses B-splines arrested development matrix. A punishment map of order linear or quadratic or three-dimensional is used to punish the irregular behavior of informations by puting a punishment difference. This map is so used in the log likeliness along with smoothing parametric quantity.The equations are maximised to obtain smoothing informations. Larger the value of implies smoother is the map but more aberrance. Therefore, optimum value of is chosen to equilibrate aberrance and theoretical account complexness. is evaluated utilizing assorted techniques such as BIC – Bayesian information standard and AIC – Akaike ‘s information standard techniques. Mortalitysmooth bundle in R implements the techniques mentioned above in smoothing informations, There are different options or picks to smoothen utilizing p-splines, The figure of knots ndx, the grade of p-spine whether additive, quadratic or three-dimensional bdeg and the smoothning parametric quantity lamda. The mortality smooth methods fits a P-spline theoretical account with equally-spaced B-splines along ten There are four possible methods in this bundle to smooth informations, the default value being set is BIC. AIC minimisation is besides available but BIC provides better result for big values. In this thesis, we shall smoothen the informations utilizing default option BIC and utilizing lamda value.3.4 MortalitySmooth Package in R plan executionIn this subdivision we describe the generic execution of utilizing R programming to read deceases and exposure informations from human mortality database and usage MortalitySmooth bundle to smoothen the informations based on p-splines. The undermentioned codification presented below tonss the & gt ; require ( â€Å" MortalitySmooth † ) & gt ; beginning ( â€Å" Programs/Graduation_Methods.r † ) & gt ; Age & lt ; -30:80 ; Year & lt ; – 1959:1999 & gt ; state & lt ; – † Scotland † ; Sex & lt ; – â€Å" Males † & gt ; decease =LoadHMDData ( state, Age, Year, † Deaths † , Sex ) & gt ; exposure =LoadHMDData ( state, Age, Year, † Exposures † , Sex ) & gt ; FilParam.Val & lt ; -40 & gt ; Hmd.SmoothData =SmoothenHMDDataset ( Age, Year, decease, exposure ) & gt ; XAxis & lt ; – Year & gt ; YAxis & lt ; -log ( fitted ( Hmd.SmoothData $ Smoothfit.BIC ) [ Age==FilParam.Val, ] /exposure [ Age==FilParam.Val, ] ) & gt ; plotHMDDataset ( XAxis, log ( decease [ Age==FilParam.Val, ] /exposure [ Age==FilParam.Val, ] ) , MainDesc, Xlab, Ylab, legend.loc ) & gt ; DrawlineHMDDataset ( XAxis, YAxis ) The MortalitySmooth bundle is loaded and the generic execution of methods to put to death graduation smoothening is available in Programs/Graduation_Methods.r. The measure by measure description of the codification is explained below.Step:1 Load Human Mortality informationMethod NameLoadHMDDataDescriptionReturn an object of Matrix type which is a mxn dimension with m stand foring figure of Ages and n stand foring figure of old ages. This object is specifically formatted to be used in Mortality2Dsmooth map.ExecutionLoadHMDData ( Country, Age, Year, Type, Sex )ArgumentsCountry Name of the state for which information to be loaded. If state is â€Å" Denmark † , † Sweden † , † Switzerland † or â€Å" Japan † the SelectHMDData map of MortalitySmooth bundle is called internally. Age Vector for the figure of rows defined in the matrix object. There must be atleast one value. Year Vector for the figure of columns defined in the matrix object. There must be atleast one value. Type A value which specifies the type of informations to be loaded from Human mortality database. It can take values as â€Å" Deaths † or â€Å" Exposures † Sexual activity An optional filter value based on which information is loaded into the matrix object. It can take values â€Å" Males † , â€Å" Females † and â€Å" Entire † . Default value being â€Å" Entire †DetailssThe method LoadHMDData in â€Å" Programs/Graduation_Methods.r † reads the informations availale in the directory Data to lade deceases or exposure for the given parametric quantities. The informations can be filtered based on Country, Age, Year, Type based on Deaths or Exposures and in conclusion by Sexual activity.Figure: 3.1 Format of matrix objects Death and Exposure.The Figure 3.1 shows the format used in objects Death and Exposure to hive away informations. A matrix object stand foring Age in rows and Old ages in column. The MortalitySmooth bundle contains certain characteristics for specific states listed in the bundle. They are Denmark, Switzerland, Sweden and Japan. These informations for these states can be straight accessed by a predefined map SelectHMDData. LoadHMDData map checks the value of the variable state and if Country is equal to any of the 4 states mentioned in the mortalitysmooth bundle so SelectHMDData method is internally called or else customized generic map is called to return the objects. The return objects format in both maps remains precisely the same.Measure 2: Smoothen HMD DatasetMethod NameSmoothenHMDDatasetDescriptionReturn a list of smoothened object based BIC and Lamda of matrix object type which is a mxn dimension with m stand foring figure of Ages and n stand foring figure of old ages. This object is specifically formatted to be used in Mortality2Dsmooth map. Tax returns a list of objects of type Mort2Dsmooth which is a planar P-splines smooth of the input informations and order fixed to be default. These objects are customized for mortality informations merely. Smoothfit.BIC and Smoothfit.fitLAM objects are returned along with fitBIC.Data fitted values. SmoothenHMDDataset ( Xaxis, YAxis, ZAxis, Offset.Param )ArgumentsXaxis Vector for the abscissa of informations used in the map Mortality2Dsmooth in MortalitySmooth bundle in R. Here Age vector is value of XAxis. Yaxis Vector for the ordinate of informations used in the map Mortality2Dsmooth in MortalitySmooth bundle in R. Here Year vector is value of YAxis. .ZAxis Matrix Count response used in the map Mortality2Dsmooth in MortalitySmooth bundle in R. Here Death is the matrix object value for ZAxis and dimensions of ZAxis must match to the length of XAxis and YAxis. Offset.Param A Matrix with anterior known values to be included in the additive forecaster during suiting the 2d informations. Here exposure is the matrix object value and is the additive forecaster.Detailss.The method SmoothenHMDDataset in â€Å" Programs/Graduation_Methods.r † smoothens the informations based on the decease and exposure objects loaded as defined above in measure 1. The Age, twelvemonth and decease are loaded as x-axis, y-axis and z-axis severally with exposure as the beginning parametric quantity. These parametric quantities are internally fitted in Mortality2Dsmooth map available in MortalitySmooth bundle in smoothing the information.Step3: secret plan the smoothened informations based on user inputMethod NamePlotHMDDatasetDescriptionPlot the smoothed object with the several axis, fable, axis graduated table inside informations are machine rifles customized based on user inputs.ExecutionPlotHMDDataset ( Xaxis, YAxis, MainDesc, Xlab, Ylab, legend.loc, legend.Val, Plot.Type, Ylim )ArgumentsXaxis Vector for plotting X axis value. Here the value would be Age or Year based on user petition. Yaxis Vector for plotting X axis value. Here the value would be Smoothened log mortality valleies filtered for a peculiar Age or Year. MainDesc Main inside informations depicting about the secret plan. Xlab X axis label. Ylab Y axis label. legend.loc A customized location of fable. It can take values â€Å" topright † , † topleft † legend.Val A customized fable description inside informations – it can take vector values of type twine. Val, Plot.Type An optional value to alter secret plan type. Here default value is equal to default value set in the secret plan. If value =1, so figure with line is plotted Ylim An optional value to put the tallness of the Y axis, by default takes max value of vector Y values.DetailssThe generic method PlotHMDDataset in â€Å" Programs/Graduation_Methods.r † plots the smoothed fitted mortality values with an option to custom-make based on user inputs. The generic method DrawlineHMDDataset in â€Å" Programs/Graduation_Methods.r † plots the line. Normally called after PlotHMDDataset method.3.5 Graphic representation of smoothened mortality informations.In this subdivision we shall look into graphical representation of mortality informations for selected states Scotland and Sweden. The generic plan discussed in old subdivision 3.4 is used to implement the secret plan based on customized user inputs. Log mortality of smoothed informations v.s existent tantrum for Sweden. Figure 3.3 Left panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for Sweden based on age 40 and twelvemonth from 1945 to 2005. The points represent existent informations and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC and Lamda =10000 severally. Right panel: – Plot of Age v.s log ( Mortality ) for Sweden based on twelvemonth 1995 and age from 30 to 90. The points represent existent informations red and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC and Lamda =10000 severally. Log mortality of smoothed informations v.s existent tantrum for Scotland Figure 3.4 Left panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for Scotland based on age 40 and twelvemonth from 1945 to 2005. The points represent existent informations and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC and Lamda =10000 severally. Right panel: – Plot of Age v.s log ( Mortality ) for Scotland based on twelvemonth 1995 and age from 30 to 90. The points represent existent informations red and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC and Lamda =10000 severally. Log mortality of Females Vs Males for Sweden The Figure 3.5 given below represents the mortality rate for males and females in Sweden for age wise and twelvemonth wise. 3.5 Left panel reveals that the mortality of male is more than the female over the old ages and has been a sudden addition of male mortality from mid 1960 ‘s boulder clay late 1970 ‘s for male – The life anticipation for Sweden male in 1960 is 71.24 V 74.92 for adult females and it had been increasing for adult females to 77.06 and merely 72.2 for male in the following decennary which explains the tendency. Figure 3.5 Left panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for Sweden based on age 40 and twelvemonth from 1945 to 2005. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for males and females severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC males and females severally. Right panel: – Plot of Age v.s log ( Mortality ) for Sweden based on twelvemonth 2000 and age from 25 to 90. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for males and females severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC males and females severally. The Figure 3.5 represents the mortality rate for males and females in Sweden for age wise and twelvemonth wise. 3.5 Left panel reveals that the mortality of male is more than the female over the old ages and has been a sudden addition of male mortality from mid 1960 ‘s boulder clay late 1970 ‘s for male – The life anticipation for Sweden male in 1960 is 71.24 V 74.92 for adult females and it had been increasing for adult females to 77.06 and merely 72.2 for male in the following decennary which explains the tendency. The 3.5 Right panel shows the male mortality is more than the female mortality for the twelvemonth 1995, The sex ratio for male to female is 1.06 at birth and has been systematically diminishing to 1.03 during 15-64 and.79 over 65 and above clearly explicating the tendency for Sweden mortality rate addition in males is more than in females. Log mortality of Females Vs Males for Scotland Figure 3.6 Left panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for Scotland based on age 40 and twelvemonth from 1945 to 2005. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for males and females severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC males and females severally. Right panel: – Plot of Age v.s log ( Mortality ) for Scotland based on twelvemonth 2000 and age from 25 to 90. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for males and females severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC males and females severally. The figure 3.6 Left panel describes consistent dip in mortality rates but there has been a steady addition in mortality rates of male over female for a long period get downing mid 1950 ‘s and has been steadily increasing for people of age 40 years.The 3.6 Right panel shows the male mortality is more than the female mortality for the twelvemonth 1995, The sex ratio for male to female is 1.04 at birth and has been systematically diminishing to.94 during 15-64 and.88 over 65 and above clearly explicating the tendency for Scotland mortality rate addition in males is more than in females. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_Scotland.Log mortality of Scotland Vs Sweden Figure 3.7 Left panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for states Sweden and Scotland based on age 40 and twelvemonth from 1945 to 2005. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for Sweden and Scotland severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC Sweden and Scotland severally. Right panel: – Plot of Year v.s log ( Mortality ) for states Sweden and Scotland based on twelvemonth 2000 and age from 25 to 90. The ruddy and bluish points represent existent informations for Sweden and Scotland severally and ruddy and bluish curves represent smoothed fitted curves for BIC Sweden and Scotland severally. The figure 3.7 Left Panel shows that the mortality rates for Scotland are more than Sweden and there has been consistent lessening in mortality rates for Sweden get downing mid 1970 ‘s where as Scotland mortality rates though decreased for a period started to demo upward tendency, this could be attributed due to alter in life conditions.

Motivating Student Motivation For Students - 1620 Words

Motivating students in the classroom can be challenging, especially for Special Education students in an inclusion classroom. Due to the gap between a special education student’s independence level and current grade level, it is difficult for special education students to retain motivation throughout instruction. In efforts to determine how student motivation can be continuous, additional technology support was created to be implemented in an inclusion classroom. The purpose of this action research proposal is to evaluate the effect of an elementary inclusion general education class to increase student motivation for CSEP students. Becoming familiar with student’s strengths, needs and interests throughout this process is a big factor to†¦show more content†¦In an inclusion setting it best facilitates learning and students were more motivated in that it provided and allowed for differentiation of instruction. I decided to implement a classroom strategy into my own classroom to study how I can address a group of diverse learners. These are students who are performing below, at, and above grade level in a general education inclusion classroom to help with providing instruction in depth while also keeping each student motivated and engaged. As many special education teachers feel overwhelmed even with the amount of support they have in the classroom, I must differentiate a lot of the work alone with my special education students to help them with both their grade level work and their Individualized Education Program goals and objectives. Since many special education students are functioning below grade level, they need modifications and accommodations to help them with their grade level assignments presented to them. The purpose of this action research study is to evaluate the effect of an elementary inclusion general education class to increase student motivation for third grade students. 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The Medusa By Jean Louis Theodore Gericault And The...

Although the untrained observer may see The Raft Of The Medusa by Jean-Louis-Theodore Gericault and The Nightmare by John Henry Fuseli as belonging to the same artistic group for their dark color palette and scary, somewhat â€Å"gothic† imagery, they’re from two artistic movements that are actually very different; the Neoclassical Era (1750-1860) and the Romantic Era (1800-1880). The Raft Of The Medusa is very unique for a Neoclassical painting in that it portrays a then-contemporary event (and not a very noble one, to boot) rather than the era’s usual heroic ancient subject matter but, if you look very carefully, the Neoclassical elements are still there in full force. For example, while you’d expect the survivors of a shipwreck to be emaciated, probably diseased etc., Gericault portrays the survivors in the painting with more idealized, strong, healthy bodies which, while incongruous with the situation at hand as I said before, fits perfectly within Ne oclassical ideals because it reflects the Classical tradition of always presenting the idealized human form, no matter what the situation. There is also a homage to Dante in the fact that the positions of a group of figures on the raft are meant to mirror those in a depiction of Count Ugolino and his sons. Also, Neoclassical paintings featured a heavy use of chiaroscuro (contrast between light and shadow for dramatic effect) and The Raft Of The Medusa has that in spades with the sunlight just barely peeking out behind the cloudShow MoreRelatedArt History Study Guide3003 Words   |  13 Pagesand Child with Saints, Orsanmichele, Florence * Pisano, Andrea –Life of John the Baptist/ Burial of John, S.Doors, Baptistery, Florence * Pisano, Nicola –Nativity/Pulpit, Baptistery, Pisa, * Pisano, Giovanni –Nativity/Pulpit, Sant’Andrea, Pistoia; Sienna Cath, W. faà §ade * Chapter 20 Northern Europe and Spain (15th century) * Northern Renaissance France * Fouquet, Jean – Etienne Chevalier and St. Stephens/ Virgin and Child, Melun Diptych

Feminism, Performative, And Gay Outlooks - 918 Words

her name, Sam: a name that is usually considered masculine resulting in the couple Darrin and Sam, alternatively the Stephens family. Sam is the partner who is out for herself and her family. It appears she would be perfectly happy with shedding the mortal world and living completely. Television viewers may believe that introducing a witch as a main character and part of the family make-up of a 1960s sitcom is unusual. This introduction of a witch is just the beginning. However, time and space constraints led us to focus on the three areas of feminism, performative, and gay outlooks. Bewitched presents stereotypes that are present with women. Samantha does have access to get an education and stays at home. She cannot make a living outside the home because of her gender. This is referred to as sexism because the presumed sexual identity of Samantha is to be a loving housewife and not a witch. Darrin feels weird about Samantha’s witchcraft because as a man, he has a different role in society. It is supposed to be a dominating male role and he is supposed to be the model of a supporting husband. Darrin has special privileges since he is a male. Currently, society has changed this, and a number of women are going after a higher education the idea of the gl ass ceiling. Women were not being able to get an education is a form of discrimination. There are sexist patterns and gender-role conditioning in education. For example, university professors are predominately male. The

New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Essay Example For Students

New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Essay New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Based on World Health Organization Standards and Health-Related Physical Fitness By Central Pediatric Neonatal SPEC ILL ART ICICLE New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Based on World Health Organization Standards and Health-related Physical Fitness Walter Chem.*, Me-Whew Change Department Of Pediatrics, China Medical University Begging Hospital, Yule and China Medical university College of Medicine. Attaching, Taiwan 2 Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan university Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan . Growth Charts Received: July 19, 2009 Revised: Gauge 12, 2009 Accepted: Gauge 17, 2009 KEY WORDS: body mass index; growth charts; health-related physical fitness; Taiwanese children; World Health Organization standards Children are not small adults. Growth (changes in size of the body as a whole or of its separate parts) and development (changes of function) consist of unique processes from birth to adulthood. We will write a custom essay on New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Growth charts for height, weight and body mass index (IBM) are indispensable tools for both pediatricians and healthcare providers. They constitute not only the basic tools required for clinical evaluation, UT are also useful for the purposes of public health and preventive medicine On May 8, 2003 the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health (DOD), officially launched new growth charts for infants and pre-school children in Taiwan. 1 These new growth charts, unlike previous population-based ones, were adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards for 0-5 years of age. This report briefly describes the new methods (criterion- based approach) used to construct these standards and compares the new growth charts with the old ones. We also propose growth charts for children and adolescents over 5 years of age in Taiwan. 2. Old Growth curves Previous measurements of height and weight were generally conducted by sampling the entire population. Following the rapid economic development in Taiwan and the associated increases in the standard of living and social wellbeing of its people, survey results have shown that child growth trends have also gradually increased each year. The reference growth charts previously *Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Begging Hospital, Yule and China Medical University College Of Medicine, gal. House-Shih Road, Attaching 40402, Taiwan. E-mail: [emailprotected] Com 02010 Taiwan Pediatric Association 70 used in Taiwan were based on the combined data from two population-based surveys: the DOD (survey by stratified sampling of children from 0?6 years of age) and the Ministry of Education (nationwide survey of students). When these data were compared with those from the 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (INCH), LISA, it was found that the weight of boys aged 7-15 years in Taiwan was higher by an average of 1 keg, while the height was lower by 2. 3 CM,3 These differences have raised several questions: (1) Is the method tot sampling from he entire population acceptable, especially when the prevalence of childhood obesity has rapidly increased in recently years, (2) does the scaled ref erence agree with the real standard? W, Chin, b. l. H. Change morbidity rates. These approaches not only differ significantly from the previous population-based approach (also known as the descriptive but also focus on how children should grow, rather than on how they grew in a particular time and place. 4. Growth Standards and References In April 2006, the WHO released new standards for assessing the growth Of children from birth to 5 years of age. These new standards were the product Of a previous project that included a longitudinal follow Of 882 infants from birth to 24 months and a cross-sectional component of 6669 children aged 18-71 months in six countries from diverse geographical regions, including Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the United States. The eligibility criteria were: single-term birth and no known significant morbidity, exclusive or predominant breastfeeding for at least 4 months, introduction of complementary foods by 6 months of age, no maternal smoking before or after delivery, and no know n lath or environmental constraints to growth. .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .postImageUrl , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:visited , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:active { border:0!important; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:active , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth - scenes 1 to 3 EssayHowever, as countries proceed with the implementation of the 2006 WHO growth standards for children under S years of age, the need to develop appropriate growth standards for school- aged children and adolescents has become more urgent. WHO experts agreed that a project similar to that responsible for the development of the 2006 WHO standards was not feasible because it was not possible to control the dynamics of the environment for these age groups. Experts therefore suggested using historical growth data that were stable in term of secular increments of height ND weight, and not subjected to the influences of overweight and obesity Due to a lack of existing data sets from various countries, WHO experts agreed to reconstruct the 1977 INCH/WHO growth reference for g years of age, using the original sample (a less obese sample of the expected height) and applying a new statistical method, to develop a 2007 WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Al Table 10,1 1 summarizes the characteristics of the two standards and the two references from the WHO and Taiwan. . Growth Standard With Criteria Although the results derived from population-based surveys seem unreasonable, he choice Of suitable criteria and samples presents a problem. In view Of the fact that a large proportion of infants are usually fed with infant formula, the current growth references derived from infants fed with formula should not reflect the health recommendations. In BIBB, the WHO convened an expert committee to discuss the appropriate growth patterns of healthy children; this resulted in the initiation of a project to develop growth standards for children worldwide. The characteristic features of this project were, (1) an approach that included maternal support for breast feeding and an unconstrained environment or optimal growth; (2) an international sampling trade; and (3) the use of modern statistical methods. 4,S It seems likely that a growth standard based on criteria for young children can be developed, but the application of these approaches to adolescents presents a greater challenge, To solve the problems associated with the presence of overweight and obese cases in the population and survey samples, Chin et AAA attempted to use health-related physical fitness as the screening criterion. Using four measures of physical fitness (800/1600- m run, standing longtime, curl-up, and sit-and-reach), the study collected eight, weight and IBM data from students whose results for each of the four fitness tests were all above the 25th percentile, and used these to construct the 2003 Taiwan growth curves. , 7 After reaching a consensus from the expert committee organized by the DOD, the growth curves hue now become the growth standards for school-aged children and adolescents in Taiwan and have been published on the website for public Else. 8 Criterion-based approaches, also known as prescriptive approaches,3 such as breastfeeding or health-related physical fitness, are identical to adult criteria that are based on mortality and .

Auditing Assignment

Questions : 1.identify the main audit planning issues that need to be addressed in the planning documents.? 2.How do the risk assessments above relate to the choice of audit approach? 3.Explain to Jim the connection between auditing and the communication of accounting information ? Answers : 1. This Auditing Standard agreements with the auditors responsibility to formulate and properly have a strategy on how to conduct audit of a statement. This Auditing Standard is decorated in the background of periodic inspections. Supplementary observations in an early audit arrangement are individually recognised. Development,preparation, planning of an examination of books of accounts gives us the complete procedure for the prearrangement and developing the proposal and it supports the checker to give proper consideration of significant zones and help to firmly resolve a problem frequently and helps to accomplish the examination in a more industrious method. Acidy ltd, a stuff designer has several continuing schemes and due to variation in the marketable possessions and lot of space obtainability there were no buyers available. The planning of examination is more wide-ranging than the audit strategy and comprises the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures to be accomplished by appointment team contacts to surge compulsory suitable audit submission to diminish examination risk to a acceptably little level and main planning to be done is for the discoveryThere would be a huge impact on the financials. Web Ltd has recently bought new computer software, which licenses widespread management monetary examination and corrected quality managing writing. To have good financials there should be good preparation and planning of how the audit should proceed. Proper bill and checking of bills should be done and it should be seen that proper financial framework has been adopted or not Beauty Pty Ltd, a manufacturer of makeups and skincare products, documented an overseas division operating as a sales opening. Stock has been moved from Australia to the new separation to reduce lead times to customers that are present and to offer inventory for examples as part of an enlarged promotion exertion. We will check whether proper invoices has been with proper checking of amount. We will see proper amount dates in the invoice. We will see whether transfer has been made at arm length price and proper value of stock should be done. It should be seen which method should be adopted whether LIFO or FIFO. 2. Inherent riskis therisk is the likelihood of damage based on the nature of an administration's commercial occupation, provided there are no changes to the environment. Control risk is a type of reliability risk where. Detection riskis the unplanned risk that an examiner will not realize or discover any substantial misstatements connecting to a announcement in an individual's financial books through audit tests, procedures and proper investigation. Test of control are checks which are made to validate whether internal controls are properly working or not for example Examination, Investigation or scrutiny etc. Substantive procedures are actually created indication that an examiner accumulates to support the declaration or facts that there no misstatements are present in regard to the wholeness, rationality, and accurateness of the monetary accounts of an entity. It includes checking account balances, and also testing journal entries In the preparation of financial books. For example studying the existence of a fixed asset say vehicle is a substantive procedure to know the existence. So the issues can be the condition if the internal control is existing, so we can use substantive procedures and in calculation of vehicles we would use substantive measures (Glen, 2015) Risk assessment a methodical technique of approximating the risks that is possible that may be complicated in a probable undertaking or accountability. The auditors scheming of the standard risks at the announcement level provides a base for considering the suitable audit method for deceitful and execution of further audit procedures. In some cases, the auditor may determine that only by accomplishment tests of controls may the auditor attain an actual answer to the evaluated risk of material misstatement for a specific assertion. If there is an internal risk the threat calculation would be sturdy, detection risk is something which will incur even having enough control ,its a kind of inherenet limitation (PCAOB, n.d) In devaluation or depreciation expense, theauditorreflects the justice of an asset's predictable financial life, thedepreciation wayused and any predictable recover value. The essential risk is low and the detection risk is high so proper assessment will be done. Test of controls is an indication of better internal control. Proper and effective substantive procedures as test of controls is just the assessment of the internal control scheme but in depreciation expense we need to check the reasonableness of substances in the books of accounts (PCABOB, n.d). 3. Afinancialstatement is an arranged record of themonetaryactivities and state of a corporate occupational, individual, or other individual.Accounting is actually basically preparation of books of accounts and auditing is examining the books of accounts and delivering a view whether the accounts are giving a true and fair view. Essentially in other arguments auditing starts when accounting finishes. Financial reporting provides us the necessary evidence or knowledge which is helpful in making decisions. Auditing is a episodic process whereas accounting is just a standard process (Terrell, 2013). Auditing is basically examination whereas and communication of accounting information is just communicating the financial aspects of the company may be the gross profit, net profit, reward to profitability ratio, debt equity ratio. The duty of the accountant is no stretched narrowed to the examination, classification, transportation, organisation of economic processes in the project to explain the result of the occupational and financial centre, but also contracts with the development of information analysis and decision-making. It also commanded the examiner comprehend the location and environment affecting it and taking into explanation the types of bookkeeping material schemes because of their impression on the design of the secretarial scheme and inside panels, and choice of internal panels that goals to rely on.The basic function of auditing is to deliver the opinion on the statement. Both are done to safeguard that the stockholders,investors and third parties are healthyly know the affairs of the company. Auditing is completed by the Chartered accountant or the certified public accountants, a body which is recognised by law. (S, 2015). Here you were required to write about the connection between auditing and the communication of accounting information References PCAOB. (n.d). The Auditor's Responses to the Risks of Material Misstatement. Retrieved 09 December 2016 from https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/pages/auditing_standard_13.aspx S. Surabhi (2015). Differnce between accounting and auditing. Retrieved 09 December 2016 from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-accounting-and-auditing.html Use lastname and then initials of the author PCAOB. (n.d). An audit of internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with the audit of financial statements. Retrieved 09 December 2016 from https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_5_Ap